By MATTHEW HOLT

I was invited on the Health Tech Talk Show by Kat McDavitt and Lisa Bari and I kinda ranted (go to 37.16 here) about why we don’t have primary care, and where we should find the money to fix it. I finally got around to writing it up. It’s a rant but a rant with a point!

We’re spending way too much money on stuff that is the wrong thing.

30 years ago, I was taught that we were going to have universal health care reform. And then we were going to have capitated at-risk entities. then below that, you have all these tech enabled services, which are going to make all this stuff work and it’s all going to be great, right?  

Go back, read your Advisory Board Company reports from 1994. It says all this.

But (deep breath here) — partly as a consequence of Obamacare & partly as a consequence of inertia in the system, and a lot because most people in health care actually work in public utilities or semi-public utilities because half the money comes from the government — instead of that, what we’ve got is this whole series of massive predominantly non-profit organizations which have made a fortune in the last decades. And they’ve stuck it all in hedge funds and now a bunch of them literally run actual hedge funds.

Ascension runs a hedge fund. They’ve got, depending who you believe, somewhere between 18 billion and 40 billion in their hedge fund. But even teeny guys are at it. There’s a hospital system in New Jersey called RWJ Barnabas. It’s around a 20 hospital system, with about $6 billion in revenue, and more than $2.5 billion in investments. I went and looked at their 990 (the tax form non-profits have to file). In a system like that–not a big player in the national scheme–how many people would you guess make more than a million dollars a year?

They actually put it on their 990 and they hope no one reads it, and no one does. The answer is 28 people – and another 14 make more than $750K a year. I don’t know who the 28^th person is but they must be doing really important stuff to be paid a million dollars a year. Their executive compensation is more than the payroll of the Oakland A’s.

On the one hand, you have these organizations which are professing to be the health system serving the community, with their mission statements and all the worthy people on their boards, and on the other they literally paying millions to their management teams.

Go look at any one of these small regional hospital systems. The 990s are stuffed with people who, if they’re not making a million, they’re making $750,000. The CEOs are all making $2m up to $10 million in some cases more. But it also goes down a long way. It’s like the 1980s scene with Michael Douglas as Gordon Gecko in Wall Street criticizing all the 35 vice presidents in whatever that company was all making $200K a year.

Meanwhile, these are the same organizations that appear in the news frequently for setting debt collectors onto their incredibly poor patients who owe them thousands or sometimes just hundreds of dollars. In one case ProPublica dug up it was their own employees who owed them for hospital bills they couldn’t pay and their employer was docking their wages — from $12 an hour employees.

Now despite the ACA hoping to change American health care, these hospital systems make all their money not by doing primary care, but by running their high intensity services — cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, general surgery and all the rest of it. They recruit superstar surgeons who keep the cash tills running—even if they came from doing quasi-fraudulent care down the street. And they’ve spent the last decade growing.

I used to think – and this was the intent of the ACOs under the ACA –that this would be sorted out by capitation and value-based care, but it just hasn’t happened. Hospital systems spent the last couple of decades growing by buying primary care doctors, running their practices at a loss and capturing all their referrals for the expensive procedural stuff. In fact there’s a term for this—they call it preventing leakage.

I’ve been looking at this for a while, and then the real crowning thing that pissed me off, the cherry on top of the sundae if you will, was the answer as to why do they have all this money in reserves, or in their hedge funds? Why does a small health system have $2 billion plus sitting in the stock market or sitting in cash? You know why? Well, presumably it’s there for a rainy day, right? When something bad happens, they have money and they can sustain themselves, to run their mission.

Well we had a rainy day starting in March, 2020. Inpatient and elective care got shut down under Covid and they all started losing massive amounts. What happened? They said, now we need a bailout. That was a huge part of the CARES Act.

The only two organizations I respected at that time were for-profit chain HCA and Kaiser Permanente who were given bailout money but  gave it back because they said they didn’t need it. But many more were like Commonspirit with 140 hospitals across the country, which got $1.5 billion. Hundreds of millions went to hundreds of these individual systems.

I haven’t done this scientifically, but we know that in their “reserves” Ascension has got $40 billion, UPMC has got $12bn, Kaiser’s got a ton as well. A medium sized systems like that RWJBarnabas in New Jersey’s has $2.5 billion, and one in Minnesota called Essentia, which I’d never heard of until last week, has more than $600 million in its reserves. There is probably $250 to $350 billion sitting out there on the balance sheets of every non-profit hospital in America. And if you chuck in the health plans, it’s probably way more. There’s likely an Apple or Google size cash mountain sitting out there

If you started American health care from scratch what would you do? You would give everybody primary care. If you look at the people who actually have been moving the needle on controlling hypertension and managing diabetes, it’s all people with a primary care approach, who spend a lot more money on primary care than on later stage specialty care for the people who already are sick.

I heard a great talk from Bob Matthews who works with an inner-city medical group with a mostly low income African America population, helping them manage hypertension. The best at doing this in the state of California is of course Kaiser where 70% of people with hypertension are within official guidelines and are “under control”. The state average is below 40%. But with this tough population Matthews’ group was at 94%. We know how to do it properly, but we don’t spend any money on it.

So how much do we spend on FQHCs which are basically primary care for poor people. I asked ChatGPT and the answer is $38 billion.

If my guess is correct there’s $300 plus billion in these hospital reserves sitting there not doing anything other than buying Nvidia stock and yet it costs only $38 billion a year to run the FQHCs. You could add another $38 billion a year for probably ten years just by confiscating all the reserves and the hedge funds of the rich systems–which they don’t seem to be doing anything with!

I understand that this is America. You will see no finer example of regulatory capture than the AHA and every single hospital in every single congressional district making sure that there is no such thing as a real assault on their balance sheet. And if things go in the least wrong, you know, they have all these employees and they’re very important for the local economy and yada, yada. And changing that is unbelievably difficult in America.

Bu at some point it’ll have to change.

Bob Matthews, who I mentioned earlier, is from a company called MediSync, which supports a bunch of primary care groups. They essentially use intelligent machines, telling the doctors which drugs the people with hypertension should be on and how they should be treated, and help the primary care docs match the patients to the guidelines. If you actually do that, you have a much better chance of actually helping people avoid the problems of hypertension, diabetes et al. There’s a bunch of stuff you have to do. It requires proper patient outreach and yada, yada, yada. It’s not easy, but you can do it. And we have failed to do it because more than half the people in this country don’t have access to a primary care doctor.

I remember at Health 2.0 years ago I asked Marcus Osborn why Walmart got into health care delivery. He said that they surveyed Walmart shoppers, asking how many of them had a primary care doctor? And about 60% of them said they have one, 40% said they didn’t have one. Then they asked the 60% what the name of their primary care doctor was, and half of them didn’t know it. So not much of a relationship there! So at that point they said, hang on, perhaps we should be investing in primary care. And that’s why Walmart, Walgreens, CVS et al are now in the primary care business — because they think there’s an opportunity because the current incumbents have done it so poorly.

And why would the current incumbent big health systems bother to do what Bob Matthew’s groups did? Because all they’re interested in is getting the expensive people into their facilities to do expensive stuff to them in order to generate money, which then ends up in their hedge fund.

This is so screwed up.

We’re spending so much more than anybody else. We do need hospital systems. We do need intensive inpatient stuff. We need to figure out how to fix cancer. But we need to do less of it and we need to pay less for all the stuff we’re doing. We’re spending way too much, when we’re paying 10 times what everybody else in the world is paying for drugs. They call it the free market. But there isn’t one. There’s price fixing and price setting.

Every other country does price setting. And we do price fixing by the companies who make Ozempic and Humira, and stents and hospital beds and then of course by the systems that provide all these services.

We shouldn’t be putting up with this. And expecting a free market approach to get it right means that we’re relying on people who haven’t figured it out for years. Like employers.

Healthcare is a regulated market. Our primary payer is the fricking federal government, it’s not the free market. I’m trying to connect the fact we need to spend money in places it’s not being spent while there’s this obvious source of money sitting there being managed by hedge fund guys.

Literally, the former CEO of Ascension actually moved over to the hedge fund and is paying himself like $12 million bucks a year to manage the investment. I mean, good luck to him. No one’s stopping him. But at some point, we’ve got to say, why do we allow this?

Because technically half the money in hospitals comes from the government. At least 50% of their activity is a public utility. If RWJBarnabas was a pure government organization would there be 28 employees making a million bucks a year? I sincerely doubt it.

So let’s have a real evaluation of what money is available and lets take it from the organizations that shouldn’t have it and put it in the place where it’s needed.

Matthew Holt is the publisher of The Health Care Blog

Days after announcing their deal with Walmart, Transcarent’s Executive Chairman & CEO Glen Tullman and meet again (in-person!) to pick up our conversation right where it left off. For the details about the deal, see our last interview; for what the deal signifies for the disruption of the healthcare payer and the ultimate rise of the healthcare consumer, tune in now and take note.

The plot of Transcarent’s story is starting to take shape. Their conflict is with the “big middle” of healthcare where drugs are marked up, care needs pre-authorizations, and docs labeled “this is NOT a bill” are ridiculous artifacts of a payer-first healthcare experience.

“The system behind our healthcare today is working exactly as its designed: for payers. We want to re-design that,” says Glen. “It’s not, ‘how do we get through that better?’ That would be navigating. It’s ‘how do we go completely around that and re-design the experience?’”

Glen talks us through the leverage retailers like Walmart and Amazon really have to help take on non-innovative payers what role Transcarent is playing in all of this, and how startups like GoodRx, Ro, and Capsule who are successfully challenging PBMs are demonstrating that payment model innovation is possible.

And, while we wait for the next big deal to come from ‘healthcare’s best dealmaker, we’ve got some foreshadowing: a quick mention of Oscar Health that registered on my radar as interesting, along with some very specific details about how Transcarent will expand its offering next, looking at MSK, cancer care, behavioral health (particularly for teens), and bringing in more “human voices” for their members to turn to for advice.

Walmart is looking to scale its healthcare business in a brand-new way: setting its sights on self-insured employers. Today the retail giant announced a go-to-market partnership with Transcarent that will make its “everyday low price” prescription drugs and healthcare services available to self-insured employers for the very first time. Transcarent’s Executive Chairman & CEO Glen Tullman drops in to give us the inside story on the deal with Walmart, what it means for the industry, and how it could once-and-for-all ignite the ‘disruption of the payer’ that we’ve been waiting for since JP Morgan, Berkshire Hathaway, and Amazon came together to found Haven.

Transcarent and Glen are hell-bent on re-making the healthcare payment model by eliminating as many middlemen as possible, reshaping the health and care experience along the way. So, what does this partnership with Walmart mean for that mission and for Transcarent? Is this “THE Deal” we’ll look back on as the one that catapulted Transcarent into a new phase of growth? Remember when Glen’s last company, Livongo, shot into the stratosphere after its deal with CVS Health? I ask Glen if he’s running the same play in a much bigger game and finally concede: Transcarent is NOT a healthcare navigator!

When Walmart announced earlier this summer that it was opening an insurance agency to sell Medicare-related products and services plans, I thought, “that’s it?”  When Walmart announced later in the summer that it was partnering (first with Microsoft, then with Oracle) in the bid to buy TikTok, I thought, “well, isn’t that interesting?”  And when Walmart announced a few days ago that it was partnering with Clover Health to offer Medicare Advantage plans, I thought: “it’s about time.”

You know Walmart.  265 million people (worldwide) shop at its stores each week.  Ninety percent of Americans live within 10 miles of a Walmart store.  It is estimated that 95% of Americans shop at Walmart during the year.  In over 200 U.S. markets, it accounts for at least 50% of grocery sales.  It is the fifth largest pharmacy chain by revenue. 

And Walmart has been shaking up healthcare for some time.  Way back in 2006, it introduced its $4 Prescriptions program that upended pharmacy pricing.  In 2008, it started offering in-store retail clinics, initially in partnership with hospitals and now operates on its own. 

Last year it started offering standalone clinics – Walmart Health – that went far beyond typical retail clinics.  They feature primary care, dental, lab and imaging, plus vision and audiology, and are starting to rapidly expand their footprint, aiming for 22 locations, in multiple states, by the end of 2021.  Patients can go online to view prices of services and book appointments. 

Then-President of Walmart U.S. Health and Wellness Sean Slovenski declared, “We’re bringing people into the health care system that have not traditionally been in it and identifying their needs.  We’re kind of creating an entire new market of customers.”  Commenting on the clinic’s low-cost, disclosed-in-advance prices and all-in-one services, Mr. Slovenski said: “We didn’t set out to disrupt healthcare. We set out to meet the needs of our customers at Walmart.”

To help its customers use technology in their health care journey, earlier this year it acquired technology from CareZone that “helps individuals and families manage medicine and chronic illness for each member of the household.”  They can also scan insurance cards or prescription drug labels. 

Walmart is beefing up its clinics by a new deal with Oak Street Health.  Marcus Osborne, Senior Vice President, Walmart Health said: “As we grow Walmart Health locations in other markets, we think Oak Street Health’s innovative value-based healthcare model will help us continue to deliver on our live better promise at these locations.”

Not to be outdone, Walmart subsidiary Sam’s Club just announced it is going nationwide on a collaboration with telehealth provider 98point6 that it piloted in September 2019.  It offers a subscription service that features unlimited $1 telehealth visits.  “Offering access to telemedicine was on our roadmap in the pre-COVID world, but the current environment expedited the need for this service to be easily accessible, readily available and most of all, affordable,” said John McDowell, Vice President, Pharmacy Operations and Divisional Merchandise, Sam’s Club. 

Walmart hasn’t been content to just offer health care services; it has been active on the payor front too.  In 2010, it partnered with Humana to offer a Medicare Part D plan, which it still offers.  For its own employee health program, it has had a Centers of Excellent program for over twenty years, and has tested ACOs, bundled payments, and value-based purchasing.  A couple years ago there was much discussion about a Walmart-Humana merger/acquisition, which did not pan out – yet. 

Which brings us to the Clover Health partnership, called LiveHealthy.  Clover Health President & CTO Andrew Toy said:

The Walmart brand is synonymous with the best value and low prices, and that’s exactly what we’re doing at Clover.  By offering affordable insurance plans with an open network  of doctors and hospitals, we are democratizing high-quality care and bringing it to individuals and communities that have previously been overlooked by other insurers.

LiveHealthy will start out in eight Georgia counties, with a network of 31 hospitals and 8,000 clinicians – including Walmart Health locations.  The plan is being billed as “Clover-powered,” but follows the Walmart value approach – zero premium, “free” primary care visits, lab tests, and preventive dental services, not to mention $100 every quarter to spend on OTC items at Walmart. 

In the scheme of things, Clover Health has a small membership/footprint.  Its main strength is its technology, specifically Clover Assistant that “gives your primary care doctor a complete view of your overall health and sends them care recommendations that are personalized for you, right when you’re in the appointment,” using “data, clinical guidelines, and machine learning to surface the most urgent patient needs.”

I’ve always wondered why Walmart hadn’t pursued partnerships with/acquisitions of managed Medicaid plans, such as Centene or Molina Healthcare (both of which are actively pursing their own acquisitions).   Clover Health’s website says: “Clover proudly serves many low-income and often overlooked communities, which is core to the company’s mission of bringing healthcare to people who are most in need and commonly ignored by other insurers.”  That dovetails quite nicely with serving a Medicaid or dual eligible (Medicare and Medicaid) population. 

Lest anyone think Walmart is solely focused on healthcare, there is:

• The aforementioned interest in TikTok, which Walmart believes “will provide Walmart with an important way for us to expand our reach and serve omnichannel customers as well as grow our third-party marketplace, fulfillment and advertising businesses.”  It would especially boost Walmart’s presence for younger audiences.
• The introduction of Walmart+, it’s answer to Amazon Prime that some analysts think could lead to 10 million subscribers by the end of 2021.  It includes unlimited free delivery on more than 160,000 items.
• Its surging online sales, which have nearly doubled in the last quarter, especially for online groceries.  “You see Amazon following behind Walmart on this,” Edward Yruma, a retail analyst at KeyBanc Capital Markets, told The New York Times.

Walmart U.S. CEO John Furman believes: “The demand definitely tells us that Americans are looking for access to quality care, and we think Walmart — its footprint — should be a part of that.”  Maybe “Walmart” doesn’t carry the same cache as, say, “The Mayo Clinic” when it comes to healthcare, but its brand for value and convenience is hard to match, and that may be enough to make it a force in healthcare. 

Pundits spend a lot of time wondering what Amazon will do in healthcare, when.  It is, indeed, taking some interesting steps, but no one should be overlooking what Walmart is doing. 

Or soon will be.

Kim is a former emarketing exec at a major Blues plan, editor of the late & lamented Tincture.io, and now regular THCB contributor.

A startup PBM? Partnered up with Walmart to bring “everyday low prices” to prescription drug pricing? Is this too good to be true? A.J. Loiacono, founder & CEO at Capital Rx, gives us a quick primer on “Pharmacy Benefit Managers” (PBMs) and why they’ve become known for the element of mystery they bring to prescription drug pricing. With three big PBMs (CVS’s Caremark, Express Scripts, and UnitedHealth’s OptumRx) controlling three quarters of the total market, it’s no surprise that VC-backed challenger companies in this space are rare. So, how does A.J. believe Capital Rx will shake things up? Learning about this new kind of tech-enabled, customer-focused PBM not only inspires hope for a clear future of prescription drug price transparency, but also makes one wonder about the new vision for American healthcare unfolding at Walmart.